如何減少立式加工中心加工工件的誤差_南通華鍛重型機床有限公司

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　　任(ren)何加工設備，在(zài)工件加工時如(rú)加工路線設置(zhi)、加工程序編制(zhì)、加工刀具選擇(ze)、機床自身問題(ti)、裝夾問題及工(gong)件🧑🏾‍🤝‍🧑🏼材質等有🌏問(wèn)題時，對工件的(de)加工精度和加(jia)工效率都會造(zao)成影響，立式加(jiā)工中心作爲高(gao)精的加工設備(bèi)，減少工件加工(gong)誤差常用的方(fang)法主要有減少(shao)原始誤差法、誤(wù)差🔆補償法、誤差(cha)轉移法、誤差分(fèn)組法、誤差平均(jun)法及誤差合成(cheng)法等。

　　一、誤差合(hé)成法

　　減少機床(chuáng)自身的誤差是(shi)保證工件加工(gōng)精度主要的方(fang)法。誤差合成法(fǎ)，要求測量出機(jī)床各軸的各項(xiàng)原始誤差。激光(guang)幹涉儀因具有(yǒu)測量精度高、使(shǐ)用靈活等特點(diǎn)，是現在立式加(jia)工中心主要的(de)檢測儀器。

　　二、誤(wu)差補償法

　　誤差(chà)補償法是人爲(wei)地制造一種誤(wù)差，去抵消工藝(yì)系統固有的🍓原(yuán)始誤差，或者利(li)用一種原始誤(wu)差去抵消另一(yi)種原始誤差，從(cóng)而達到提高立(li)式加工中😄心工(gong)件加工精度的(de)目的。通常通過(guò)減小機床間隙(xì)，提高機床剛度(du) ，采用預加載荷(he)，使有關配合産(chan)生預緊力，而減(jiǎn)少間隙影響。還(hái)可以提高工件(jian)和刀具的剛度(du)減小刀具、工件(jiàn)的懸伸長度，以(yi)提高工藝系統(tǒng)的剛度。還可以(yǐ)采用合理的裝(zhuāng)夾方式和加工(gong)方式，減小切削(xuē)力及其變化，合(he)理地選擇刀具(ju)材料，增大前角(jiǎo)和主偏角，以及(ji)對工件材料進(jìn)行合理的熱處(chu)理以材料地加(jia)工性能等幾種(zhong)方法。

　　三、直接減(jiǎn)少原始誤差法(fa)

　　直接減少原始(shǐ)誤差法是指在(zài)查明影響加工(gōng)精度的主🔴要原(yuán)始誤差因素之(zhī)後，設法對其直(zhí)接進行減少或(huò)💛減少。比如⛹🏻‍♀️立式(shi)加工中心在長(zhang)時間使用後，由(yóu)于自然磨損造(zào)💛成的傳動系統(tong)♌定位失準、反向(xiang)間隙等。

　　誤差平(ping)均法是利用有(yǒu)密切聯系的表(biǎo)面之間的相互(hu)比較和相互修(xiu)正，或者利用互(hu)爲基準進行加(jiā)工，以達到立式(shi)加工中心減少(shao)加工誤差的目(mu)的。

　　五、誤差轉移(yí)法

　　誤差轉移法(fǎ)的實質是轉移(yí)工藝系統的集(ji)合誤差、受力變(biàn)⭕形📧及熱變形等(děng)引起的綜合誤(wu)差。如立式加工(gōng)中👨‍❤️‍👨心進行一些(xiē)孔類加工，工件(jiàn)的同軸度不是(shi)靠🚶‍♀️機床主軸回(huí)轉精度來保證(zhèng)的，而是靠夾具(jù)保證，當🏃機床主(zhu)軸與工件采用(yòng)浮動連接以後(hou)，機床主軸的原(yuan)始誤差就不再(zài)影響加工精度(dù)，而轉移到夾具(ju)來保證加工精(jing)度。

　　六、誤差分組(zǔ)法

　　這時可采(cǎi)用誤差分組法(fǎ)，即把毛坯或上(shang)工序尺寸按誤(wù)差大🥰小分爲n組(zu)，每組毛坯的誤(wu)差就縮小爲原(yuan)來的1/n，然後按各(gè)組分👅别調整刀(dāo)具與工件的相(xiàng)對位✔️置或調整(zheng)定位元件，這樣(yang)就可大大地縮(suō)小整批工件的(de)尺寸分散範圍(wéi)。誤差分組法的(de)實質❄️是用提高(gāo)測量精度的手(shou)段來彌補加工(gōng)精度的不足,從(cong)而達🐇到減少加(jiā)工誤差的影響(xiang)。

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如何減少立式(shi)加工中心加工(gong)工件的誤差